Understanding what someone actually means, rather than what would be easiest to argue against.
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack, then refuting this misrepresentation instead of the actual argument.
The practice of addressing the strongest possible version of an opponent's argument, rather than a weakened or distorted version. The opposite of strawmanning: you construct the best case for the other side before attempting to refute it.
Actively search for evidence that would prove your belief wrong, rather than evidence that confirms it. Strong beliefs survive attempts at disconfirmation; weak beliefs crumble under scrutiny.